Python으로 표준화 기구별 AI 관련 표준을 추적하고 적용 현황을 관리하는 시스템입니다.
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from datetime import date
from enum import Enum
from typing import Optional
class StandardizationBodyType(Enum):
"""표준화 기구 유형"""
EUROPEAN = "european" # 유럽 표준화 기구
INTERNATIONAL = "international" # 국제 표준화 기구
NATIONAL = "national" # 국가 표준화 기구
class StandardScope(Enum):
"""표준 적용 범위"""
GENERAL = "general" # 일반 (CEN, ISO)
ELECTROTECHNICAL = "electrotechnical" # 전기/전자 (CENELEC, IEC)
TELECOMMUNICATIONS = "telecommunications" # 통신/ICT (ETSI, ITU)
AI_SPECIFIC = "ai_specific" # AI 특화
class StandardStatus(Enum):
"""표준 상태"""
UNDER_DEVELOPMENT = "under_development"
PUBLISHED = "published"
HARMONISED = "harmonised" # EU 관보 게재
WITHDRAWN = "withdrawn"
@dataclass
class StandardizationBody:
"""표준화 기구"""
code: str
name: str
full_name: str
body_type: StandardizationBodyType
scope: StandardScope
website: str
ai_committee: Optional[str] = None # AI 담당 위원회
region: str = "Global"
@dataclass
class AIStandard:
"""AI 관련 표준"""
reference: str # 예: "ISO/IEC 42001:2023"
title: str
body: StandardizationBody
status: StandardStatus
publication_date: Optional[date] = None
ai_act_requirements: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
description: str = ""
european_adoption: Optional[str] = None # EN 채택 번호
class StandardizationRegistry:
"""표준화 기구 및 표준 레지스트리"""
# 주요 표준화 기구
BODIES = {
"CEN": StandardizationBody(
code="CEN",
name="CEN",
full_name="European Committee for Standardization",
body_type=StandardizationBodyType.EUROPEAN,
scope=StandardScope.GENERAL,
website="https://www.cencenelec.eu/",
ai_committee="CEN-CENELEC JTC 21",
region="EU/EEA"
),
"CENELEC": StandardizationBody(
code="CENELEC",
name="CENELEC",
full_name="European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization",
body_type=StandardizationBodyType.EUROPEAN,
scope=StandardScope.ELECTROTECHNICAL,
website="https://www.cencenelec.eu/",
ai_committee="CEN-CENELEC JTC 21",
region="EU/EEA"
),
"ETSI": StandardizationBody(
code="ETSI",
name="ETSI",
full_name="European Telecommunications Standards Institute",
body_type=StandardizationBodyType.EUROPEAN,
scope=StandardScope.TELECOMMUNICATIONS,
website="https://www.etsi.org/",
ai_committee="ETSI SAI (Securing AI)",
region="EU/EEA"
),
"ISO": StandardizationBody(
code="ISO",
name="ISO",
full_name="International Organization for Standardization",
body_type=StandardizationBodyType.INTERNATIONAL,
scope=StandardScope.GENERAL,
website="https://www.iso.org/",
ai_committee="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42",
region="Global"
),
"IEC": StandardizationBody(
code="IEC",
name="IEC",
full_name="International Electrotechnical Commission",
body_type=StandardizationBodyType.INTERNATIONAL,
scope=StandardScope.ELECTROTECHNICAL,
website="https://www.iec.ch/",
ai_committee="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42",
region="Global"
),
"KATS": StandardizationBody(
code="KATS",
name="KATS",
full_name="Korean Agency for Technology and Standards",
body_type=StandardizationBodyType.NATIONAL,
scope=StandardScope.GENERAL,
website="https://www.kats.go.kr/",
ai_committee="TC/SC mirror committees",
region="Korea"
),
"TTA": StandardizationBody(
code="TTA",
name="TTA",
full_name="Telecommunications Technology Association of Korea",
body_type=StandardizationBodyType.NATIONAL,
scope=StandardScope.TELECOMMUNICATIONS,
website="https://www.tta.or.kr/",
ai_committee="AI Project Group",
region="Korea"
)
}
# 주요 AI 표준
AI_STANDARDS = {
"ISO/IEC 22989": AIStandard(
reference="ISO/IEC 22989:2022",
title="Information technology - AI - Concepts and terminology",
body=BODIES["ISO"],
status=StandardStatus.PUBLISHED,
publication_date=date(2022, 7, 1),
ai_act_requirements=["Transparency (Art.13)"],
description="AI 용어 및 개념 정의의 기초 표준"
),
"ISO/IEC 23053": AIStandard(
reference="ISO/IEC 23053:2022",
title="Framework for ML using AI",
body=BODIES["ISO"],
status=StandardStatus.PUBLISHED,
publication_date=date(2022, 6, 1),
ai_act_requirements=["Technical documentation (Art.11)"],
description="ML 시스템 프레임워크"
),
"ISO/IEC 23894": AIStandard(
reference="ISO/IEC 23894:2023",
title="Information technology - AI - Risk management",
body=BODIES["ISO"],
status=StandardStatus.PUBLISHED,
publication_date=date(2023, 2, 1),
ai_act_requirements=["Risk management (Art.9)"],
description="AI 위험 관리 프레임워크",
european_adoption="EN ISO/IEC 23894"
),
"ISO/IEC 42001": AIStandard(
reference="ISO/IEC 42001:2023",
title="Information technology - AI - Management system",
body=BODIES["ISO"],
status=StandardStatus.PUBLISHED,
publication_date=date(2023, 12, 1),
ai_act_requirements=[
"Risk management (Art.9)",
"Data governance (Art.10)",
"Record-keeping (Art.12)"
],
description="AI 관리 시스템 인증 표준 (AIMS)",
european_adoption="EN ISO/IEC 42001"
),
"ISO/IEC 25059": AIStandard(
reference="ISO/IEC 25059:2023",
title="Systems and software Quality Requirements - AI quality model",
body=BODIES["ISO"],
status=StandardStatus.PUBLISHED,
publication_date=date(2023, 10, 1),
ai_act_requirements=["Accuracy, robustness (Art.15)"],
description="AI 시스템 품질 모델"
)
}
def __init__(self):
self.bodies = self.BODIES.copy()
self.standards = self.AI_STANDARDS.copy()
def get_body_info(self, code: str) -> dict:
"""표준화 기구 정보 조회"""
body = self.bodies.get(code)
if not body:
return {"error": f"Unknown body: {code}"}
return {
"code": body.code,
"name": body.full_name,
"type": body.body_type.value,
"scope": body.scope.value,
"region": body.region,
"ai_committee": body.ai_committee,
"website": body.website
}
def find_standards_by_requirement(self, ai_act_article: str) -> list[dict]:
"""AI Act 요건별 관련 표준 검색"""
results = []
for ref, std in self.standards.items():
for req in std.ai_act_requirements:
if ai_act_article.lower() in req.lower():
results.append({
"reference": std.reference,
"title": std.title,
"body": std.body.code,
"status": std.status.value,
"eu_adoption": std.european_adoption,
"requirement_coverage": req
})
return results
def get_european_equivalents(self, iso_standard: str) -> dict:
"""ISO 표준의 유럽 채택 표준 확인"""
std = self.standards.get(iso_standard.split(":")[0])
if not std:
return {"error": "Standard not found"}
if std.european_adoption:
return {
"iso_reference": std.reference,
"european_adoption": std.european_adoption,
"presumption_of_conformity": True,
"note": "Vienna/Frankfurt Agreement에 따른 채택"
}
return {
"iso_reference": std.reference,
"european_adoption": None,
"presumption_of_conformity": False,
"note": "유럽 표준으로 채택되지 않음 - SCC 적합성 추정 효력 없음"
}
def get_standards_roadmap(self) -> list[dict]:
"""AI 표준 개발 로드맵"""
roadmap = []
for ref, std in self.standards.items():
roadmap.append({
"reference": std.reference,
"title": std.title,
"status": std.status.value,
"publication_date": std.publication_date.isoformat() if std.publication_date else None,
"ai_act_coverage": std.ai_act_requirements,
"body": std.body.code
})
return sorted(roadmap, key=lambda x: x.get("publication_date") or "9999")
def check_compliance_pathway(self, ai_system_category: str) -> dict:
"""AI 시스템 카테고리별 표준 준수 경로"""
# 고위험 AI Act 요건
high_risk_requirements = [
"Risk management (Art.9)",
"Data governance (Art.10)",
"Technical documentation (Art.11)",
"Record-keeping (Art.12)",
"Transparency (Art.13)",
"Human oversight (Art.14)",
"Accuracy, robustness (Art.15)"
]
coverage = {}
for req in high_risk_requirements:
matching_standards = self.find_standards_by_requirement(req.split("(")[0])
coverage[req] = {
"standards": [s["reference"] for s in matching_standards],
"has_harmonised": any(s.get("eu_adoption") for s in matching_standards)
}
covered = sum(1 for c in coverage.values() if c["standards"])
total = len(high_risk_requirements)
return {
"ai_system_category": ai_system_category,
"total_requirements": total,
"standards_coverage": covered,
"coverage_percentage": f"{covered/total*100:.1f}%",
"requirement_details": coverage,
"recommendation": "ISO/IEC 42001 인증이 여러 요건을 커버하는 핵심 출발점"
}
# 사용 예시
if __name__ == "__main__":
registry = StandardizationRegistry()
# 표준화 기구 정보
print("=== CEN 정보 ===")
print(registry.get_body_info("CEN"))
# 위험 관리 관련 표준
print("\n=== 위험 관리 관련 표준 ===")
for std in registry.find_standards_by_requirement("Risk"):
print(f" {std['reference']}: {std['title']}")
# 유럽 채택 확인
print("\n=== ISO/IEC 42001 유럽 채택 ===")
print(registry.get_european_equivalents("ISO/IEC 42001"))
# 준수 경로 분석
print("\n=== 고위험 AI 준수 경로 ===")
pathway = registry.check_compliance_pathway("High-Risk AI System")
print(f"표준 커버리지: {pathway['coverage_percentage']}")