💻 코드 예제
Python (boto3)
Node.js (AWS SDK v3)
AWS CLI
# DynamoDB Python 예제 - boto3
import boto3
from boto3.dynamodb.conditions import Key, Attr
from decimal import Decimal
import json
class DynamoDBService:
"""DynamoDB 데이터베이스 서비스"""
def __init__(self, table_name: str, region: str = 'ap-northeast-2'):
self.dynamodb = boto3.resource('dynamodb', region_name=region)
self.table = self.dynamodb.Table(table_name)
self.client = boto3.client('dynamodb', region_name=region)
def create_table(self):
"""테이블 생성 (파티션 키 + 정렬 키)"""
table = self.dynamodb.create_table(
TableName='UserOrders',
KeySchema=[
{'AttributeName': 'user_id', 'KeyType': 'HASH'}, # 파티션 키
{'AttributeName': 'order_id', 'KeyType': 'RANGE'} # 정렬 키
],
AttributeDefinitions=[
{'AttributeName': 'user_id', 'AttributeType': 'S'},
{'AttributeName': 'order_id', 'AttributeType': 'S'},
{'AttributeName': 'status', 'AttributeType': 'S'},
],
GlobalSecondaryIndexes=[
{
'IndexName': 'StatusIndex',
'KeySchema': [
{'AttributeName': 'status', 'KeyType': 'HASH'},
{'AttributeName': 'order_id', 'KeyType': 'RANGE'}
],
'Projection': {'ProjectionType': 'ALL'}
}
],
BillingMode='PAY_PER_REQUEST' # 온디맨드 모드
)
table.wait_until_exists()
print(f"테이블 생성 완료: {table.table_name}")
def put_item(self, user_id: str, order_id: str, data: dict):
"""아이템 저장"""
item = {
'user_id': user_id,
'order_id': order_id,
**data
}
# Decimal 변환 (float 미지원)
item = json.loads(json.dumps(item), parse_float=Decimal)
response = self.table.put_item(
Item=item,
ConditionExpression='attribute_not_exists(user_id)' # 중복 방지
)
print(f"저장 완료: {user_id}/{order_id}")
return response
def get_item(self, user_id: str, order_id: str):
"""단일 아이템 조회"""
response = self.table.get_item(
Key={
'user_id': user_id,
'order_id': order_id
},
ConsistentRead=True # 강력한 일관성 읽기
)
return response.get('Item')
def query_user_orders(self, user_id: str, limit: int = 10):
"""사용자의 주문 목록 조회 (정렬 키 기반)"""
response = self.table.query(
KeyConditionExpression=Key('user_id').eq(user_id),
ScanIndexForward=False, # 최신순 정렬
Limit=limit
)
return response['Items']
def query_by_status(self, status: str):
"""상태별 주문 조회 (GSI 사용)"""
response = self.table.query(
IndexName='StatusIndex',
KeyConditionExpression=Key('status').eq(status)
)
return response['Items']
def update_item(self, user_id: str, order_id: str, status: str):
"""아이템 업데이트 (조건부)"""
response = self.table.update_item(
Key={
'user_id': user_id,
'order_id': order_id
},
UpdateExpression='SET #status = :status, updated_at = :now',
ExpressionAttributeNames={'#status': 'status'},
ExpressionAttributeValues={
':status': status,
':now': '2024-01-15T10:00:00Z',
':old_status': 'pending'
},
ConditionExpression='#status = :old_status', # 낙관적 락
ReturnValues='ALL_NEW'
)
return response['Attributes']
def batch_write(self, items: list):
"""배치 쓰기 (최대 25개)"""
with self.table.batch_writer() as batch:
for item in items:
batch.put_item(Item=item)
print(f"{len(items)}개 아이템 배치 저장 완료")
def transact_write(self, user_id: str, order_id: str, amount: Decimal):
"""트랜잭션 쓰기 (ACID 보장)"""
self.client.transact_write_items(
TransactItems=[
{
'Update': {
'TableName': 'UserOrders',
'Key': {
'user_id': {'S': user_id},
'order_id': {'S': order_id}
},
'UpdateExpression': 'SET #status = :status',
'ExpressionAttributeNames': {'#status': 'status'},
'ExpressionAttributeValues': {':status': {'S': 'completed'}}
}
},
{
'Update': {
'TableName': 'UserBalance',
'Key': {'user_id': {'S': user_id}},
'UpdateExpression': 'SET balance = balance - :amount',
'ExpressionAttributeValues': {':amount': {'N': str(amount)}}
}
}
]
)
print("트랜잭션 완료")
# 사용 예시
if __name__ == "__main__":
db = DynamoDBService('UserOrders')
# 주문 저장
db.put_item('user123', 'order456', {
'product': 'MacBook Pro',
'price': Decimal('2500000'),
'status': 'pending'
})
# 조회
order = db.get_item('user123', 'order456')
print(f"주문: {order}")
# 사용자 주문 목록
orders = db.query_user_orders('user123')
for o in orders:
print(f"주문 ID: {o['order_id']}, 상품: {o['product']}")
📋 복사
// DynamoDB Node.js 예제 - AWS SDK v3
const {
DynamoDBClient,
CreateTableCommand,
PutItemCommand,
GetItemCommand,
QueryCommand,
UpdateItemCommand,
TransactWriteItemsCommand
} = require('@aws-sdk/client-dynamodb');
const {
DynamoDBDocumentClient,
PutCommand,
GetCommand,
QueryCommand: DocQueryCommand,
UpdateCommand,
BatchWriteCommand
} = require('@aws-sdk/lib-dynamodb');
class DynamoDBService {
constructor(tableName, region = 'ap-northeast-2') {
const client = new DynamoDBClient({ region });
this.docClient = DynamoDBDocumentClient.from(client);
this.tableName = tableName;
}
async createTable() {
const client = new DynamoDBClient({ region: 'ap-northeast-2' });
const command = new CreateTableCommand({
TableName: this.tableName,
KeySchema: [
{ AttributeName: 'pk', KeyType: 'HASH' },
{ AttributeName: 'sk', KeyType: 'RANGE' }
],
AttributeDefinitions: [
{ AttributeName: 'pk', AttributeType: 'S' },
{ AttributeName: 'sk', AttributeType: 'S' },
{ AttributeName: 'gsi1pk', AttributeType: 'S' },
{ AttributeName: 'gsi1sk', AttributeType: 'S' }
],
GlobalSecondaryIndexes: [{
IndexName: 'GSI1',
KeySchema: [
{ AttributeName: 'gsi1pk', KeyType: 'HASH' },
{ AttributeName: 'gsi1sk', KeyType: 'RANGE' }
],
Projection: { ProjectionType: 'ALL' }
}],
BillingMode: 'PAY_PER_REQUEST'
});
await client.send(command);
console.log(`테이블 생성: ${this.tableName}`);
}
async putItem(pk, sk, data) {
const command = new PutCommand({
TableName: this.tableName,
Item: {
pk,
sk,
...data,
createdAt: new Date().toISOString()
},
ConditionExpression: 'attribute_not_exists(pk)'
});
await this.docClient.send(command);
console.log(`저장 완료: ${pk}/${sk}`);
}
async getItem(pk, sk) {
const command = new GetCommand({
TableName: this.tableName,
Key: { pk, sk },
ConsistentRead: true
});
const response = await this.docClient.send(command);
return response.Item;
}
async queryByPartitionKey(pk, options = {}) {
const command = new DocQueryCommand({
TableName: this.tableName,
KeyConditionExpression: 'pk = :pk',
ExpressionAttributeValues: {
':pk': pk
},
ScanIndexForward: options.ascending ?? false,
Limit: options.limit ?? 20
});
const response = await this.docClient.send(command);
return response.Items;
}
async queryByGSI(gsi1pk, gsi1sk) {
const command = new DocQueryCommand({
TableName: this.tableName,
IndexName: 'GSI1',
KeyConditionExpression: 'gsi1pk = :pk AND begins_with(gsi1sk, :sk)',
ExpressionAttributeValues: {
':pk': gsi1pk,
':sk': gsi1sk
}
});
const response = await this.docClient.send(command);
return response.Items;
}
async updateItem(pk, sk, updates) {
const updateExpressions = [];
const attributeNames = {};
const attributeValues = {};
Object.entries(updates).forEach(([key, value], index) => {
const nameKey = `#attr${index}`;
const valueKey = `:val${index}`;
updateExpressions.push(`${nameKey} = ${valueKey}`);
attributeNames[nameKey] = key;
attributeValues[valueKey] = value;
});
const command = new UpdateCommand({
TableName: this.tableName,
Key: { pk, sk },
UpdateExpression: `SET ${updateExpressions.join(', ')}`,
ExpressionAttributeNames: attributeNames,
ExpressionAttributeValues: attributeValues,
ReturnValues: 'ALL_NEW'
});
const response = await this.docClient.send(command);
return response.Attributes;
}
async batchWrite(items) {
// 25개씩 분할
const chunks = [];
for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i += 25) {
chunks.push(items.slice(i, i + 25));
}
for (const chunk of chunks) {
const command = new BatchWriteCommand({
RequestItems: {
[this.tableName]: chunk.map(item => ({
PutRequest: { Item: item }
}))
}
});
await this.docClient.send(command);
}
console.log(`${items.length}개 배치 저장 완료`);
}
async transactWrite(operations) {
const client = new DynamoDBClient({ region: 'ap-northeast-2' });
const command = new TransactWriteItemsCommand({
TransactItems: operations
});
await client.send(command);
console.log('트랜잭션 완료');
}
}
// Single Table Design 패턴 예시
async function main() {
const db = new DynamoDBService('MyApp');
// 사용자 저장
await db.putItem('USER#user123', 'PROFILE', {
name: '홍길동',
email: 'hong@example.com',
gsi1pk: 'USER',
gsi1sk: 'EMAIL#hong@example.com'
});
// 주문 저장 (같은 파티션에 다른 정렬 키)
await db.putItem('USER#user123', 'ORDER#2024-001', {
product: 'MacBook Pro',
price: 2500000,
status: 'pending',
gsi1pk: 'ORDER#pending',
gsi1sk: '2024-01-15'
});
// 사용자의 모든 데이터 조회
const userData = await db.queryByPartitionKey('USER#user123');
console.log('사용자 데이터:', userData);
// 대기중인 모든 주문 조회 (GSI)
const pendingOrders = await db.queryByGSI('ORDER#pending', '2024');
console.log('대기 주문:', pendingOrders);
}
main().catch(console.error);
📋 복사
# DynamoDB AWS CLI 예제
# ============================================
# 1. 테이블 생성
# ============================================
aws dynamodb create-table \
--table-name UserOrders \
--key-schema \
AttributeName=user_id,KeyType=HASH \
AttributeName=order_id,KeyType=RANGE \
--attribute-definitions \
AttributeName=user_id,AttributeType=S \
AttributeName=order_id,AttributeType=S \
--billing-mode PAY_PER_REQUEST \
--region ap-northeast-2
# 테이블 상태 확인
aws dynamodb describe-table --table-name UserOrders
# ============================================
# 2. 아이템 저장
# ============================================
aws dynamodb put-item \
--table-name UserOrders \
--item '{
"user_id": {"S": "user123"},
"order_id": {"S": "order-2024-001"},
"product": {"S": "MacBook Pro"},
"price": {"N": "2500000"},
"status": {"S": "pending"},
"created_at": {"S": "2024-01-15T10:00:00Z"}
}'
# ============================================
# 3. 아이템 조회
# ============================================
# 단일 아이템 조회
aws dynamodb get-item \
--table-name UserOrders \
--key '{
"user_id": {"S": "user123"},
"order_id": {"S": "order-2024-001"}
}' \
--consistent-read
# 쿼리 (파티션 키로 조회)
aws dynamodb query \
--table-name UserOrders \
--key-condition-expression "user_id = :uid" \
--expression-attribute-values '{
":uid": {"S": "user123"}
}' \
--scan-index-forward false \
--limit 10
# 범위 쿼리 (정렬 키 조건 추가)
aws dynamodb query \
--table-name UserOrders \
--key-condition-expression "user_id = :uid AND begins_with(order_id, :prefix)" \
--expression-attribute-values '{
":uid": {"S": "user123"},
":prefix": {"S": "order-2024"}
}'
# ============================================
# 4. 아이템 업데이트
# ============================================
aws dynamodb update-item \
--table-name UserOrders \
--key '{
"user_id": {"S": "user123"},
"order_id": {"S": "order-2024-001"}
}' \
--update-expression "SET #status = :status, updated_at = :now" \
--expression-attribute-names '{"#status": "status"}' \
--expression-attribute-values '{
":status": {"S": "completed"},
":now": {"S": "2024-01-15T12:00:00Z"}
}' \
--condition-expression "#status = :old_status" \
--expression-attribute-values '{
":status": {"S": "completed"},
":now": {"S": "2024-01-15T12:00:00Z"},
":old_status": {"S": "pending"}
}' \
--return-values ALL_NEW
# ============================================
# 5. GSI 생성
# ============================================
aws dynamodb update-table \
--table-name UserOrders \
--attribute-definitions AttributeName=status,AttributeType=S \
--global-secondary-index-updates '[{
"Create": {
"IndexName": "StatusIndex",
"KeySchema": [
{"AttributeName": "status", "KeyType": "HASH"},
{"AttributeName": "order_id", "KeyType": "RANGE"}
],
"Projection": {"ProjectionType": "ALL"}
}
}]'
# ============================================
# 6. 배치 쓰기
# ============================================
aws dynamodb batch-write-item \
--request-items '{
"UserOrders": [
{
"PutRequest": {
"Item": {
"user_id": {"S": "user456"},
"order_id": {"S": "order-001"},
"product": {"S": "iPhone"}
}
}
},
{
"PutRequest": {
"Item": {
"user_id": {"S": "user456"},
"order_id": {"S": "order-002"},
"product": {"S": "iPad"}
}
}
}
]
}'
# ============================================
# 7. TTL 설정 (자동 삭제)
# ============================================
aws dynamodb update-time-to-live \
--table-name UserOrders \
--time-to-live-specification Enabled=true,AttributeName=expires_at
# ============================================
# 8. 백업 및 복원
# ============================================
# 온디맨드 백업
aws dynamodb create-backup \
--table-name UserOrders \
--backup-name UserOrders-backup-20240115
# Point-in-Time Recovery 활성화
aws dynamodb update-continuous-backups \
--table-name UserOrders \
--point-in-time-recovery-specification PointInTimeRecoveryEnabled=true
# ============================================
# 9. 로컬 개발 (DynamoDB Local)
# ============================================
# Docker로 실행
docker run -p 8000:8000 amazon/dynamodb-local
# 로컬에 연결
aws dynamodb list-tables --endpoint-url http://localhost:8000
📋 복사